dapatdibedakan menjadi dua jenis berdasarkan dari bentuknya yaitu baja tulangan beton sirip dan baja tulangan mencapai tujuan dan sasaran dalam pelaksanaan proyek konstruksi yang diantaranya adalah biaya, mutu dan waktu yang efisien. Kolom merupakan penulangan kolom terdiri dari dua macam, yaitu tulangan utama dan tulangan sengkang Dibagimenjadi dua macam yaitu: · Initiating explosive, yaitu bahan peledak yang mudah meledak karena adanya api, panas benturan , gesekan dsb à misal: bahan-bahan isian detonator (PbN6, Hg(ONC)2 Terdapat dua jenis sebutan kekuatan bahan peledak komersial yang selalu dicantumkan pada spesifikasi bahan peledak oleh pabrik pembuatnya, yaitu A Berdasarkan jenis inti (core) dari tali kawat baja. Dari jenis inti yang digunakan, tali kawat baja dapat dibedakan menjadi empat macam, yaitu (Rudenko, 1994): 1. Steel wire core atau Independent Wire Rope Center (I.W.R.C) dipakai bila: a) Tali digunakan untuk sentakan yang berlebihan dan beban–beban yang tidak terduga. Vay Tiền Nhanh. If you’ve ever spent a night in the city and woke up to the sounds of screeching metal, then you’ve encountered construction. To those outside the industry, the process blurs together an intimidating collection of machines and parts. But those working within it know the industry remains highly organized, broken down into specific types of construction and processes. Keep reading to find out more. The 5 Types of Building ConstructionType I Construction Fire ResistiveType II Construction Non-CombustibleType III Construction OrdinaryType IV Construction Heavy TimberType V Construction Wood-FrameWhat is the International Building Code?Fire Resistance Ratings, DefinedFAQWhat tactics should ladder crews apply to the different types of construction?What is the difference between Type A and Type B construction?What are the main types of construction?Conclusion The 5 Types of Building Construction Apply for a construction degree at NEIT! There are lots of different ways to classify construction projects and categorize buildings. Things are often broken up according to the owners, materials used, or types of structures. But there’s another way to divvy things up, and it revolves around the necessary level of fire resistance a building contains. This list is called the 5 Types of Building Construction, with the first following the most stringent fire resistance requirements and the fifth following the least. Check out the list below for more information. Type I Construction Fire Resistive This category applies to any building that stands over 75 feet tall. This applies to all high-rise housing and commercial space. That includes apartment buildings, offices, and hotels. These buildings are designed to withstand high temperatures for a long time without collapsing. Beyond that, all structural materials are non-combustible. Walls, floors, and roofs are constructed with reinforced concrete and protected steel. While these features make these buildings extremely durable, it also increases construction costs. Some Type 1 buildings have HVAC systems and self-pressurizing stairwells to prevent fires from spreading. These building elements make it easier for firefighters to access and extinguish fires. When entering a Type 1 building, their main objective revolves around securing stairwells to ensure a safe evacuation. Type II Construction Non-Combustible Similar to the Type 1 buildings, Type 2 buildings contain non-combustible walls, partitions, columns, floors, and roofs. Though these structures typically contain fire suppression systems, they are not often protected with fire-resistive coatings and are prone to collapse. They typically contain metal floors and metal roofs with masonry or tilt-slab walls. Newer school buildings, shopping malls, and recently renovated commercial structures typically fall under this construction type. If firefighters are called to a Type 2 building, their main priority will be to ventilate the building to prevent a dangerous rise in temperature. Check out our list of the best master’s programs in construction management here. Type III Construction Ordinary Also known as brick-and-joist structures, Type III buildings consist of either tilt-slap or reinforced masonry walls. These materials are non-combustible. That is to say, some of the interior structural elements frames, floor, ceilings, etc. are made with wood or combustible materials. This kind of construction can apply to both old and new buildings. Old buildings will generally contain conventionally framed roofs, while newer units are typically built with lightweight roof systems. Schools, buildings, and houses can all fall under this construction type. One of the perks associated with this construction type is that ventilation is possible. That said, many Type III buildings contain connected attics or horizontal void spaces, making fire extension more likely. Type IV Construction Heavy Timber Type IV buildings are largely constructed using large pieces of lumber, connected using metal plates and bolts. This was a common practice before 1960, which makes heavy timber construction so easy to spot. Old churches, factories, and barns typically fall under this category. This building type demands that all wooden members meet specific dimensional requirements. Structural wood supports such as columns, beams, and girders must be at least 8 inches thick. Heavy planks for roofs and floors must be at least 6 inches thick. Type IV buildings have noncombustible exterior walls and interior elements. Though these buildings contain combustible materials, they generally fare well when exposed to fire. Their structural mass also makes them more resilient against collapse. Still, firefighters will require large volumes of water to extinguish a fire in this type of building. Metal joint connections can also lead to a rapid increase in fire severity. Type V Construction Wood-Frame Type V buildings are the most combustible construction type on this list. It is the only category of construction that allows combustible exterior walls as well as combustible structural members on the interior. Frames, walls, floors, and roofs are made entirely or partly out of wood. These building elements are cheaper to develop and increasingly common in the construction of single-family homes and garages. These structural elements can be particularly worrisome to firefighters, as exposed wood offers no fire resistance. If a fire starts, the building will ignite significantly. These buildings may be somewhat resistant to collapse unless it is a lightweight construction. In that case, it will collapse within minutes of a fire breaking out. What is the International Building Code? The International Building Code IBC governs the materials, systems, and assemblies used for structural fire resistance and fire-resistance related-construction. This is the resource we use to determine fire resistance ratings. Each rating is measured in terms of the time a structural element can be exposed to fire before it collapses. So, for instance, a beam may be assigned a 2-hour fire rating. That means it can be exposed to fire for at least two hours. Materials with a fire rating of 0 will typically fail after less than an hour. Fire Resistance Ratings, Defined Each type of building construction is associated with different building elements, each of which varies in terms of fire resistance. The structural members associated with Type I construction generally receive three- to four-hour fire protection. The fire-resistance rating assigned to wood and other materials associated with Type IV and Type V construction often varies based on thickness. The American Wood Council’s National Design Specification for Wood Construction gives a nominal char rate of inches of wood thickness per hour of fire resistance. Read this article to find out what it’s like to work as a female construction worker. FAQ What tactics should ladder crews apply to the different types of construction? Ladder crews have different procedures in place for different building types. When it comes to Type I construction, firefighters must be aggressive in securing stairwells and evacuating victims from the structure. With Type II construction, firefighters may consider opening skylights or resorting to natural ventilation. Depending on the roof system, they may also rely on similar ventilation operations for Type III and Type IV construction. Type V construction requires other alternatives, including but not limited to positive-pressure attacks. What is the difference between Type A and Type B construction? With the exception of Type IV construction, all tiers are divided into two subcategories Type A and Type B. Type A refers to “protected” constructions, whereas Type B exists in reference to “unprotected” constructions. That is to say, Type A constructions offer more fire-resistant properties than Type B constructions. What are the main types of construction? In addition to the 5 types of building construction, there are different types of construction projects. These include residential building construction, industrial construction, commercial building construction, and heavy civil construction. Conclusion Understanding the differences between the five types of building construction is a necessary step towards a successful career in the field. If you’re interested in breaking into the construction industry, think about earning your degree from the New England Institution of Technology. We offer associate, bachelor, and master degree programs in building technology and construction management. You can fill out this form to learn more or call us at 401-467-7744. pengelolaan, metode serta teknik yang paling baik, sehingga penggunaan sumber daya benar-benar efektif dan efisien. Proyek konstruksi merupakan suatu rangkaian kegiatan yang hanya satu kali dilaksanakan dan umumnya berjangka waktu pendek. Suatu proses yang mengolah sumber daya proyek manpower, material, machines, method, money menjadi suatu fisik bangunan. Karateristik proyek konstruksi dapat dipandang dalam tiga dimensi, yaitu unik, membutuhkan sumber daya, dan membutuhkan organisasi Ervianto, 2005. Suatu proyek konstruksi selalu menginginkan hasil yang terbaik dalam setiap hasil proyeknya. Baik dalam segi bangunan, struktur yang mantap, keawetan bangunan dan anggaran dana yang tidak melebihi anggaran. Proyek konstruksi akan sukses bila terciptanya harapan-harapan awal mulai dari anggaran, sumber daya yang digunakan dan tepat waktu dalam pengerjaan. Jenis-jenis Proyek Konstruksi Menurut Ervianto 2005 Proyek konstruksi dapat dibedakan menjadi dua jenis kelompok bangunan, yaitu 1. Bangunan Gedung meliputi rumah, kantor dan lain-lain. Ciri-ciri dan kelompok bangunan ini adalah a. Proyek konstruksi menghasilkan tempat orang bekerja atau tinggal. b. Pekerjaan dilaksanakan pada lokasi yang relatif sempit dan kondisi pondasi umumnya sudah diketahui. c. Manajemen dibutuhkan, terutama untuk progressing pekerjaan. 2. Bangunan Sipil meliputi jalan, jembatan, bendungan, dan infrastruktur lainnya. Ciri-ciri dari kelompok bangunan ini adalah a. Proyek konstruksi dilaksanakan untuk mengendalikan alam agar berguna bagi kepentingan manusia. b. Pekerjaan dilaksanakan pada lokasi yang luas atau panjang kondisi pondasi sangat berbeda satu sama lain dalam suatu proyek. a. Manajemen dibutuhkan untuk memecahkan permasalahan. Kedua kelompok bangunan tersebut sebenarnya saling tumpang tindih, tetapi pada umumnya direncanakan dan dilaksanakan oleh disiplin ilmu perencana dan pelaksana yang berbeda. Ciri-ciri Proyek Dari pengertian proyek terlihat bahwa ciri-ciri pokok proyek Soeharto, 1999 adalah a. Memiliki tujuan yang khusus, produk akhir atau hasil kerja akhir. b. Jumlah biaya, sasaran jadwal serta kriteria mutu dalam proses mencapai tujuan proyek telah ditentukan. c. Bersifat sementara, dalam arti umurnya dibatasi oleh selesainya tugas. Titik awal dan akhir ditentukan dengan jelas. d. Nonrutin, tidak berulang-ulang. Jenis dan intensitas kegiatan berubah sepanjang proyek berlangsung. Macam-macam Proyek Menurut Soeharto 1999, dilihat dari segi kegiatan utama maka macam- macam proyek dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 1. Proyek Engineering Konstruksi Komponen kegiatan utama jenis proyek ini terdiri dari pengkajian kelayakan, desain engineering, pengadaan, dan konstrusi. Proyek macam ini, misalnya pembangunan gedung, jembatan, pelabuhan, jalan raya, fasilitas industri, dan lain-lain. 2. Proyek Engineering Manufaktur Proyek manufaktur ini dimaksudkan untuk menghasilkan produk baru, jadi produk tersebut adalah hasil usaha kegiatan proyek. Kegiatan utama meliputi desain engineering , pengembangan produk product development , pengadaan, manufaktur, perakitan, uji coba, fungsi dan oprasi produk yang dihasilkan. Contohnya adalah pembuatan ketel uap, generator listrik, mesin pabrik, kendaraan mobil, dan lain sebagainya. Jika kegiatan manufaktur ini dilakukan berulang-ulang, rutin, dan menghasilkan produk yang sama, maka kegiatan ini tidak lagi diklasifikasikan sebagai proyek. 3. Proyek Penelitian dan Pengembangan Proyek ini bertujuan melakukan penelitian dan pengembangan dalam rangka mengahasilkan suatu produk tertentu. Dalam mengejar hasil akhir, proyek ini sering kali menempuh proses yang berubah-ubah demikian pula dengan lingkup kerjanya. Agar tidak melebihi anggaran atau jadwal secara substansial, maka perlu diberikan batasan yang ketat perihal masalah tersebut. 4. Proyek Pelayanan Manajemen 0% found this document useful 0 votes72 views60 pagesDescriptionMacam konstruksi FIXCopyright© © All Rights ReservedAvailable FormatsDOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdShare this documentDid you find this document useful?0% found this document useful 0 votes72 views60 pagesMacam Konstruksi Jump to Page You are on page 1of 60 You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 9 to 17 are not shown in this preview. You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 24 to 25 are not shown in this preview. You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 29 to 30 are not shown in this preview. 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menurut bentuknya jenis konstruksi teknik dibedakan menjadi dua macam yaitu